Metadata-Version: 1.1
Name: perfect-hash
Version: 0.4.2
Summary: creating perfect minimal hash function
Home-page: https://github.com/ilanschnell/perfect-hash
Author: Ilan Schnell
Author-email: ilanschnell@gmail.com
License: BSD
Description: Creating minimal perfect hash functions
        =======================================
        
        Generate a minimal perfect hash function for a given set of keys.
        A given code template is filled with parameters, such that the
        output is code which implements the hash function.
        Templates can easily be constructed for any programming language.
        
        
        Installation
        ------------
        
        The minimal perfect hash function generator is written in pure Python,
        and can be installed using:
        
        .. code-block:: shell-session
        
            $ pip install perfect-hash
        
        The code supports Python 2.7 and Python 3.5 or higher.
        However, some of the examples do not support Python 2 anymore.
        
        
        Introduction
        ------------
        
        A perfect hash function of a certain set S of keys is a hash function
        which maps all keys in S to different numbers.
        That means that for the set S, the hash function is collision-free,
        or perfect.
        Further, a perfect hash function is called "minimal" when it maps N keys
        to N *consecutive* integers, usually in the range from 0 to N-1.
        
        
        Usage
        -----
        
        Given a set of keys which are character strings, the program returns a minimal
        perfect hash function.  This hash function is returned in the form of Python
        code by default.  Suppose we have a file with keys:
        
        .. code-block::
        
            # 'animals.txt'
            Elephant
            Horse
            Camel
            Python
            Dog
            Cat
        
        
        The exact way this file is parsed can be specified using command line
        options, for example it is possible to only read one column from a file
        which contains different items in each row.
        The program is invoked like this:
        
        .. code-block:: python
        
            $ perfect-hash animals.txt
            # =======================================================================
            # ================= Python code for perfect hash function ===============
            # =======================================================================
        
            G = [0, 3, 6, 0, 4, 1, 5]
        
            def hash_f(key, T):
                return sum(ord(T[i % 8]) * ord(c) for i, c in enumerate(key)) % 7
        
            def perfect_hash(key):
                return (G[hash_f(key, "1mmhoNMG")] +
                        G[hash_f(key, "gf53KKbH")]) % 7
        
            # ============================ Sanity check =============================
        
            K = ["Elephant", "Horse", "Camel", "Python", "Dog", "Cat"]
            assert len(K) == 6
        
            for h, k in enumerate(K):
                assert perfect_hash(k) == h
        
        
        The way the program works is by filling a code template with the calculated
        parameters.  The program can take such a template in form of a file and
        fill in the calculated parameters, this allows the generation of perfect
        hash function in any programming language.  The hash function is kept quite
        simple and does not require machine or language specific byte level operations
        which might be hard to implement in the target language.
        The following parameters are available in the template:
        
        ==========  =======================================
        string      expands to
        ==========  =======================================
        ``$NS``     length of S1 and S2 salt
        ``$S1``     S1 salt
        ``$S2``     S2 salt
        ``$NG``     length of array G
        ``$G``      array of integers G
        ``$NK``     number of keys, i.e. length of array K
        ``$K``      array with (quoted) keys
        ``$$``      $ (a literal dollar sign)
        ==========  =======================================
        
        
        Since the syntax for arrays is not the same in all programming languages,
        some specifics can be adjusted using command line options.
        The built-in template which creates the above code is:
        
        .. code-block:: python
        
            G = [$G]
        
            def hash_f(key, T):
                return sum(ord(T[i % $NS]) * ord(c) for i, c in enumerate(str(key))) % $NG
        
            def perfect_hash(key):
                return (G[hash_f(key, "$S1")] +
                        G[hash_f(key, "$S2")]) % $NG
        
        
        Using code templates, makes this program very flexible.  The source repository
        includes several complete examples for C.  There are many choices one
        faces when implementing a static hash table: Do the parameter lists go into
        a separate header file?  Should the API for the table only contain the hash
        values, but not the objects being mapped?  And so on.
        All these various choices are possible because of the template is simply
        filled with the parameters, no matter what else is inside the template.
        
        
        Hash function types
        -------------------
        
        One important option the ``perfect-hash`` command provides is ``--hft`` which
        is short of "hash function type".  There are two types to choose from:
        
        1. A random hash function generation which creates hash function with a
           random string being used as it's salt.   This is the default.
           Since the generated random hash function does not include large enough
           output for a very large number of keys (over 10,000), the perfect hash
           function generation will fail for such large keys.  However, the
           implementation of this hash function is quite simple and fast.
        
        2. A random hash function generation which creates hash function with a
           random integers being used as it's salt.  Using this option will always
           succeed, but an implementation requires two additional integer
           arrays (apart from the always present array ``G``).
        
        
        Examples
        --------
        
        The source repository contains many useful examples (in ``examples/``) which
        illustrate how to use the ``perfect-hash`` command, as well
        as ``python_hash.py`` as a library.
        
        
        License of output
        -----------------
        
        perfect-hash is released under the BSD license.  However, that does not
        cause the output produced by perfect-hash to be under BSD.  The reason is
        that the output contains only small pieces of text that come directly from
        perfect-hash's source code – less than 10 lines long if the default template
        is being used, which serves more for illustration purposes - too small for
        being significant.  Therefore the output is not “work based on perfect-hash”.
        
        The output produced by perfect-hash contains essentially all of the
        input data.  Therefore the output is a “derivative work” of the input (in
        the sense of U.S. copyright law); and its copyright status depends on the
        copyright of the input.  For most software licenses, the result is that the
        output is under the same license, with the same copyright holder, as the
        input that was passed to perfect-hash.
        
        
        Acknowledgments
        ---------------
        
        Part of the code is based on an a program A.M. Kuchling wrote:
        http://www.amk.ca/python/code/perfect-hash
        
        The algorithm this library is based on is described in the paper
        "Optimal algorithms for minimal perfect hashing",
        Z. J. Czech, G. Havas and B.S. Majewski.
        http://cmph.sourceforge.net/papers/chm92.pdf
        
        I tried to illustrate the algorithm and explain how it works on:
        http://ilan.schnell-web.net/prog/perfect-hash/algo.html
        
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: Python Software Foundation License
Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta
Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
Classifier: Topic :: Utilities
