Metadata-Version: 2.1
Name: json-fingerprint
Version: 0.10.0
Summary: Create consistent and comparable fingerprints with secure hashes from unordered JSON data
Home-page: https://github.com/cobaltine/json-fingerprint
Author: Ville Lehtinen
Author-email: ville.lehtinen@cobaltine.fi
License: MIT
Description: # json-fingerprint
        
        ![](https://img.shields.io/github/license/cobaltine/json-fingerprint) ![](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/json-fingerprint) ![](https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/cobaltine/json-fingerprint/Test%20runner/main?label=ci) ![](https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/cobaltine/json-fingerprint/Release%20Python%20package/main?label=cd) [![](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/json-fingerprint)](https://pypi.org/project/json-fingerprint/) ![Code Climate maintainability](https://img.shields.io/codeclimate/maintainability/cobaltine/json-fingerprint) [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/github/cobaltine/json-fingerprint/badge.svg?branch=main)](https://coveralls.io/github/cobaltine/json-fingerprint?branch=main)
        
        
        Create consistent and comparable fingerprints with secure hashes from unordered JSON data.
        
        A JSON fingerprint consists of three parts: the version of the underlying canonicalization algorithm, the hash function used and a hexadecimal digest of the hash function output. A complete example could look like this: `jfpv1$sha256$5815eb0ce6f4e5ab0a771cce2a8c5432f64222f8fd84b4cc2d38e4621fae86af`.
        
        | Fingerprint element | Description                                                                         |
        |:--------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
        | jfpv1               | JSON fingerprint version identifier: **j**son **f**inger**p**rint **v**ersion **1** |
        | sha256              | Hash function identifier (sha256, sha384 or sha512)                                 |
        | 5815eb0c...1fae86af | The secure hash function output in hexadecimal format                               |
        
        
        <!-- TOC titleSize:2 tabSpaces:2 depthFrom:2 depthTo:6 withLinks:1 updateOnSave:1 orderedList:0 skip:0 title:1 charForUnorderedList:* -->
        ## Table of Contents
        * [v1 release checklist (jfpv1)](#v1-release-checklist-jfpv1)
        * [Installation](#installation)
        * [Examples](#examples)
          * [Create JSON fingerprints](#create-json-fingerprints)
          * [Decode JSON fingerprints](#decode-json-fingerprints)
          * [Match fingerprints](#match-fingerprints)
        * [JSON normalization](#json-normalization)
          * [Alternative specifications](#alternative-specifications)
          * [JSON Fingerprint v1 (jfpv1)](#json-fingerprint-v1-jfpv1)
        * [Running tests](#running-tests)
        <!-- /TOC -->
        
        
        ## v1 release checklist (jfpv1)
        
        This is a list of high-level development and documentation tasks, which need to be completed prior to freezing the API for v1. Before v1, backwards-incompatible changes to the API are possible, although not likely since v0.10.0.
        
        - [ ] Formalized the jfpv1 specification
        - [x] JSON type support
          - [x] Primitives and literals
          - [x] Arrays
          - [x] Objects
        - [x] Flattened "sibling-aware" internal data structure
        - [x] Support nested JSON data structures with mixed types
        - [x] Support most common SHA-2 hash functions
          - [x] SHA256
          - [x] SHA384
          - [x] SHA512
        - [x] Dynamic jfpv1 fingerprint comparison function (JSON string against a fingerprint)
        - [x] Performance characteristics that scale sufficiently
        - [ ] Extensive verification against potential fingerprint (hash) collisions
        
        
        ## Installation
        
        To install the json-fingerprint package, run `pip install json-fingerprint`.
        
        
        ## Examples
        
        The complete working examples below show how to use all core features of the `json_fingerprint` package.
        
        
        ### Create JSON fingerprints
        
        JSON fingerprints can be created with the `create()` function, which requires three arguments: input (valid JSON string), hash function (SHA256, SHA384 and SHA512 are supported) and JSON fingerprint version (1).
        
        ```python
        import json
        import json_fingerprint
        
        input_1 = json.dumps([3, 2, 1, [True, False], {'foo': 'bar'}])
        input_2 = json.dumps([2, {'foo': 'bar'}, 1, [False, True], 3])  # Same data, different order
        fp_1 = json_fingerprint.create(input=input_1, hash_function='sha256', version=1)
        fp_2 = json_fingerprint.create(input=input_2, hash_function='sha256', version=1)
        print(f'Fingerpr. 1: {fp_1}')
        print(f'Fingerpr. 2: {fp_2}')
        ```
        This will output two identical fingerprints regardless of the different order of the json elements:
        
        ```
        Fingerpr. 1: jfpv1$sha256$164e2e93056b7a0e4ace25b3c9aed9cf061f9a23c48c3d88a655819ac452b83a
        Fingerpr. 2: jfpv1$sha256$164e2e93056b7a0e4ace25b3c9aed9cf061f9a23c48c3d88a655819ac452b83a
        ```
        
        Since JSON objects with identical data content and structure will always produce identical fingerprints, the fingerprints can be used effectively for various purposes. These include finding duplicate JSON data from a larger dataset, JSON data cache validation/invalidation and data integrity checking.
        
        
        ### Decode JSON fingerprints
        
        JSON fingerprints can be decoded with the `decode_fingerprint()` convenience function. It returns the version, hash function and secure hash in a tuple.
        
        ```python
        import json_fingerprint
        
        fp = 'jfpv1$sha256$164e2e93056b7a0e4ace25b3c9aed9cf061f9a23c48c3d88a655819ac452b83a'
        version, hash_function, hash = json_fingerprint.decode(fingerprint=fp)
        print(f'Version (integer): {version}')
        print(f'Hash function: {hash_function}')
        print(f'Secure hash: {hash}')
        ```
        This will output the individual elements that make up a fingerprint as follows:
        
        ```
        Version (integer): 1
        Hash function: sha256
        Secure hash: 164e2e93056b7a0e4ace25b3c9aed9cf061f9a23c48c3d88a655819ac452b83a
        ```
        
        
        ### Match fingerprints
        
        The `fingerprint_match()` is another convenience function that matches JSON data against a fingerprint, and returns either `True` or `False` depending on whether the data matches the fingerprint or not. Internally, it will automatically choose the correct version and hash function based on the `target_fingerprint` argument.
        
        ```python
        import json
        import json_fingerprint
        
        input_1 = json.dumps([3, 2, 1, [True, False], {'foo': 'bar'}])
        input_2 = json.dumps([3, 2, 1])
        target_fp = 'jfpv1$sha256$164e2e93056b7a0e4ace25b3c9aed9cf061f9a23c48c3d88a655819ac452b83a'
        match_1 = json_fingerprint.match(input=input_1, target_fingerprint=target_fp)
        match_2 = json_fingerprint.match(input=input_2, target_fingerprint=target_fp)
        print(f'Fingerprint matches with input_1: {match_1}')
        print(f'Fingerprint matches with input_2: {match_2}')
        ```
        This will output the following:
        ```
        Fingerprint matches with input_1: True
        Fingerprint matches with input_2: False
        ```
        
        
        ## JSON normalization
        
        The jfpv1 JSON fingerprint function transforms the data internally into a normalized (canonical) format before hashing the output.
        
        ### Alternative specifications
        
        Most existing JSON normalization/canonicalization specifications and related implementations operate on three key aspects: data structures, values and data ordering. While the ordering of key-value pairs (objects) is straightforward, issues usually arise from the ordering of arrays.
        
        The JSON specifications, including the most recent [RFC 8259](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259), have always considered the order of array elements to be _meaningful_. As data gets serialized, transferred, deserialized and serialized again throughout various systems, maintaining the order of array elements becomes impractical if not impossible in many cases. As a consequence, this makes the creation and comparison of secure hashes of JSON data across multiple systems a complex process.
        
        ### JSON Fingerprint v1 (jfpv1)
        
        The jfpv1 specification takes a more _value-oriented_ approach toward JSON normalization and secure hash creation: values and value-related metadata bear most significance when JSON data gets normalized into the jfpv1 format. The original JSON data gets transformed into a flattened list of small objects, which are then hashed and sorted, and ultimately hashed again as a whole.
        
        In practice, the jfpv1 specification purposefully ignores the original order of data elements in an array. The jfpv1 specification focuses instead on verifying that the following aspects of JSON datasets being compared match:
        
         * All values in the compared datasets are identical
         * The values exist in identical paths (arrays, object key-value pairs)
        
        In the case of arrays, each array gets a unique hash identifier based on the data elements it holds. This way, each flattened value "knows" to which array it belongs to. This identifier is called a _sibling hash_ because its derived from each value and its neighboring values.
        
        ## Running tests
        
        The entire internal test suite of json-fingerprint is included in its distribution package. If you wish to run the internal test suite, install the package and run the following command:
        
        `python -m json_fingerprint.tests.run`
        
        If all tests ran successfully, this will produce an output similar to the following:
        
        ```
        .......................
        ----------------------------------------------------------------------
        Ran 23 tests in 0.008s
        
        OK
        ```
        
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
Requires-Python: >=3.6
Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
